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Mesozoic plesiosaurs, mosasaurs, and ichthyosaurs are long extinct, now the most conspicuous and familiar marine reptiles are the sea turtles, consisting of seven species present in tropical and subtropical marine habitats in all of the world’s oceans. Like the sea turtle, another groups of reptiles re-entered the oceans: we are speaking about sea snakes. This…

In the past, homosexual behavior was often ignored because it supposedly contradicted Darwin’s theory of evolution. We consider that if sexual behaviors such as mounting and contact between the genitals develop in the context of reproduction, because these occur between individuals of the same sex in which such behaviors cannot lead to fertilization and the…

Climate change: “A change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings, or to…